我们提出了一个模型预测控制（MPC），以避免自治药物和动态障碍之间的碰撞。避免碰撞的限制是通过在代表代理和障碍物的凸组之间执行正距离的，并使用Lagrange二重性进行了谨慎地对其进行重新校正。这种方法即使对于多面体来说也可以平稳避免碰撞限制，否则需要混合组合或非平滑限制。我们考虑了不确定障碍位置的三种广泛使用的描述：1）具有多重支持的任意分布，2）高斯分布和3）任意分布，并以已知的前两个矩。对于每种情况，我们都会获得避免碰撞限制的确定性重新制定。拟议的MPC公式优化了反馈政策，以减少满足碰撞避免限制的保守主义。使用卡拉中交通交叉点的模拟对所提出的方法进行了验证。

行动调速器是标称控制循环的附加方案，该方案监视和调整控制措施以强制执行以端加状态和控制约束表示的安全规范。在本文中，我们介绍了系统的强大动作调速器（RAG），该动力学可以使用具有参数和加法不确定性的离散时间分段仿射（PWA）模型来表示，并受到非convex约束。我们开发了抹布的理论属性和计算方法。之后，我们介绍了抹布来实现安全加强学习（RL），即确保在线RL勘探和探索过程中的历史约束满意度。该开发使控制策略的安全实时演变和适应操作环境和系统参数的变化（由于老化，损坏等）。我们通过考虑将其应用于质量 - 弹簧式抑制系统的软地面问题来说明抹布在约束执法和安全RL中的有效性。

然而，由于各种交通/道路结构方案以及人类驾驶员行为的长时间分布，自动驾驶的感应，感知和本地化取得了重大进展，因此，对于智能车辆来说，这仍然是一个持开放态度的挑战始终知道如何在有可用的传感 /感知 /本地化信息的道路上做出和执行最佳决定。在本章中，我们讨论了人工智能，更具体地说，强化学习如何利用运营知识和安全反射来做出战略性和战术决策。我们讨论了一些与强化学习解决方案的鲁棒性及其对自动驾驶驾驶策略的实践设计有关的具有挑战性的问题。我们专注于在高速公路上自动驾驶以及增强学习，车辆运动控制和控制屏障功能的整合，从而实现了可靠的AI驾驶策略，可以安全地学习和适应。

一般而言，融合是人类驱动因素和自治车辆的具有挑战性的任务，特别是在密集的交通中，因为合并的车辆通常需要与其他车辆互动以识别或创造间隙并安全合并。在本文中，我们考虑了强制合并方案的自主车辆控制问题。我们提出了一种新的游戏 - 理论控制器，称为领导者跟随者游戏控制器（LFGC），其中自主EGO车辆和其他具有先验不确定驾驶意图的车辆之间的相互作用被建模为部分可观察到的领导者 - 跟随游戏。 LFGC估计基于观察到的轨迹的其他车辆在线在线，然后预测其未来的轨迹，并计划使用模型预测控制（MPC）来同时实现概率保证安全性和合并目标的自我车辆自己的轨迹。为了验证LFGC的性能，我们在模拟和NGSIM数据中测试它，其中LFGC在合并中展示了97.5％的高成功率。

Non-linear state-space models, also known as general hidden Markov models, are ubiquitous in statistical machine learning, being the most classical generative models for serial data and sequences in general. The particle-based, rapid incremental smoother PaRIS is a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) technique allowing for efficient online approximation of expectations of additive functionals under the smoothing distribution in these models. Such expectations appear naturally in several learning contexts, such as likelihood estimation (MLE) and Markov score climbing (MSC). PARIS has linear computational complexity, limited memory requirements and comes with non-asymptotic bounds, convergence results and stability guarantees. Still, being based on self-normalised importance sampling, the PaRIS estimator is biased. Our first contribution is to design a novel additive smoothing algorithm, the Parisian particle Gibbs PPG sampler, which can be viewed as a PaRIS algorithm driven by conditional SMC moves, resulting in bias-reduced estimates of the targeted quantities. We substantiate the PPG algorithm with theoretical results, including new bounds on bias and variance as well as deviation inequalities. Our second contribution is to apply PPG in a learning framework, covering MLE and MSC as special examples. In this context, we establish, under standard assumptions, non-asymptotic bounds highlighting the value of bias reduction and the implicit Rao--Blackwellization of PPG. These are the first non-asymptotic results of this kind in this setting. We illustrate our theoretical results with numerical experiments supporting our claims.

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

This paper introduces a novel algorithm, the Perturbed Proximal Preconditioned SPIDER algorithm (3P-SPIDER), designed to solve finite sum non-convex composite optimization. It is a stochastic Variable Metric Forward-Backward algorithm, which allows approximate preconditioned forward operator and uses a variable metric proximity operator as the backward operator; it also proposes a mini-batch strategy with variance reduction to address the finite sum setting. We show that 3P-SPIDER extends some Stochastic preconditioned Gradient Descent-based algorithms and some Incremental Expectation Maximization algorithms to composite optimization and to the case the forward operator can not be computed in closed form. We also provide an explicit control of convergence in expectation of 3P-SPIDER, and study its complexity in order to satisfy the epsilon-approximate stationary condition. Our results are the first to combine the composite non-convex optimization setting, a variance reduction technique to tackle the finite sum setting by using a minibatch strategy and, to allow deterministic or random approximations of the preconditioned forward operator. Finally, through an application to inference in a logistic regression model with random effects, we numerically compare 3P-SPIDER to other stochastic forward-backward algorithms and discuss the role of some design parameters of 3P-SPIDER.

Landing an unmanned aerial vehicle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on top of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in harsh open waters is a challenging problem, owing to forces that can damage the UAV due to a severe roll and/or pitch angle of the USV during touchdown. To tackle this, we propose a novel model predictive control (MPC) approach enabling a UAV to land autonomously on a USV in these harsh conditions. The MPC employs a novel objective function and an online decomposition of the oscillatory motion of the vessel to predict, attempt, and accomplish the landing during near-zero tilt of the landing platform. The nonlinear prediction of the motion of the vessel is performed using visual data from an onboard camera. Therefore, the system does not require any communication with the USV or a control station. The proposed method was analyzed in numerous robotics simulations in harsh and extreme conditions and further validated in various real-world scenarios.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in its various forms finds more and more its way into complex distributed systems. For instance, it is used locally, as part of a sensor system, on the edge for low-latency high-performance inference, or in the cloud, e.g. for data mining. Modern complex systems, such as connected vehicles, are often part of an Internet of Things (IoT). To manage complexity, architectures are described with architecture frameworks, which are composed of a number of architectural views connected through correspondence rules. Despite some attempts, the definition of a mathematical foundation for architecture frameworks that are suitable for the development of distributed AI systems still requires investigation and study. In this paper, we propose to extend the state of the art on architecture framework by providing a mathematical model for system architectures, which is scalable and supports co-evolution of different aspects for example of an AI system. Based on Design Science Research, this study starts by identifying the challenges with architectural frameworks. Then, we derive from the identified challenges four rules and we formulate them by exploiting concepts from category theory. We show how compositional thinking can provide rules for the creation and management of architectural frameworks for complex systems, for example distributed systems with AI. The aim of the paper is not to provide viewpoints or architecture models specific to AI systems, but instead to provide guidelines based on a mathematical formulation on how a consistent framework can be built up with existing, or newly created, viewpoints. To put in practice and test the approach, the identified and formulated rules are applied to derive an architectural framework for the EU Horizon 2020 project ``Very efficient deep learning in the IoT" (VEDLIoT) in the form of a case study.